Interactions in the system can change drastically if more than two internal levels are allowed to participate in the dynamics. In a two-level system (weak excitation) with only one photon and ...

This means that their resulting interaction with matter (i.e. groupings ... If one were to think of this pulse as discrete quanta of photon particles, it’d seem to break causality, but as ...

A single high-dimensional photon, a fundamental particle involved in electromagnetic interactions, has a wave packet that ...

This interaction is determined largely by the electronic structure of atoms and molecules; photon absorption or emission is associated with an electron moving from one energy level to another.

Protons are far from simple particles — they are swirling cauldrons of quarks, gluons, and quantum entanglement. Scientists ...

This finding has profound implications for understanding photon behavior in dispersive media. The group delay, a fundamental concept in light-matter interaction, refers to the time a photon seems ...