even a modest decrease in normal renal function in patients with congestive heart failure could contribute to increased cardiac preload, cardiac dilatation, left ventricular hypertrophy and ...

Given that most pressor agents (sympathetic agonists, endothelin, or angiotensin-II) also stimulate contractility by directly activating their respective cardiac receptors and augment preload (by ...

The remaining data, excluding postvolume loading observations, were used to characterize the relationships of GEDVI-based cardiac preload with SVI (CI) and EVLWI. All p values less than 0.05 were ...

The murmur is actually due to mitral regurgitation that accompanies the MVP, thus it is heard best at the cardiac apex. MVP responds to dynamic auscultation. After sudden standing, preload is ...

Dynamic auscultation refers to using maneuvers to alter hemodynamic parameters during cardiac auscultation in ... is a decrease in left ventricular preload. The most important use of the Valsalva ...