Use low-permeability concrete, which will help prevent spalling by reducing the amount of water a surface can absorb.

Concrete driveways are durable but vulnerable to winter’s harsh conditions. Like asphalt, they can suffer from freeze-thaw damage, which can cause spalling—flaking or chipping of the surface.

KADENA AIR BASE, Okinawa — Air Force civil engineers are inspecting another 263 homes for spalling concrete, a month after announcing families in another base neighborhood would be relocated for ...