Spear, Steven, and H. Kent Bowen. "Decoding the DNA of the Toyota Production System." Harvard Business Review 77, no. 5 (September–October 1999): 96–106. (Winner of Shingo Prize for Excellence in ...

Toyota stands by its recent announcements ... a throttle control motor, a throttle position sensor and the engine control module (ECM). The components were seen as an overall improvement in ...